By James Gallagher Health editor, BBC News website Peers will decide later whether to make the historic move to allow the creation of babies with DNA from two women and one man.
The modified form of IVF would be used to prevent mitochondrial diseases.
If the House of Lords votes in favour, then the UK would be the first country to introduce laws to allow the creation of babies from three people.
The chief medical officer has urged peers to vote in favour, but the plans remain contentious.
Earlier this month, 382 MPs voted in favour, and 128 against the technique that stops these genetic diseases being passed from mother to child.
Power packsMitochondria are the tiny compartments inside nearly every cell of the body that convert food into useable energy.
They are passed down only from the mother and have their own DNA, although it does not alter appearance or personality.
The technique, developed in Newcastle, uses a modified version of IVF to combine the healthy mitochondria of a donor woman with DNA of the two parents.
It results in babies with 0.1% of their DNA from the second woman and is a permanent change that would echo down through the generations.
While scientific reviews suggest it should be safe, nobody will know until it is finally attempted.
The House of Lords will debate the proposal and vote at around 14:30 GMT.
Speaking ahead of the vote, chief medical officer Prof Dame Sally Davies told the BBC: "These children die in the first few months or years of life, because their muscles collapse, their hearts fail, their brains don't develop and they die. This is tragic.
"I would ask the Lords to vote for this as the Commons have and the mothers really want."
The Catholic and Anglican Churches in England said the idea was not safe or ethical, not least because it involved the destruction of embryos.
Other groups, including Human Genetics Alert, say the move would open the door to further genetic modification of children in the future - so-called designer babies, genetically modified for beauty, intelligence or to be free of disease.
Estimates suggest 150 three-person babies could be born each year.
If the measure goes ahead, the first "three-person" baby could be born next year.
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